In vitro CNS models

Abstract

Endothelial cells form a barrier between the blood and the central nervous system, namely the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Cellular components of the BBB, as well as tight junctions and paracellular barrier characterizations, are described in this chapter. Furthermore, in vitro BBB models are classified as 2D models (monoculture and coculture), 3D, dynamic, and microfluidic models and further explained in detail. The components of the neurovascular unit and their role in obtaining special BBB properties in vitro are outlined, and methods that mimic the dynamic nature of an in vivo microenvironment are discussed. Promising approaches, such as stem cells and microfluidics, for future modeling of the BBB are also mentioned throughout this chapter. As a result it has been concluded that for drug discovery and delivery studies, which target the central nervous system, in vitro BBB models are very useful. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.